Publication Date: 6/1/74     Pages: 6     Date Entered: 1/5/93     Title: Communication with Transport Vehicles     June 1974     U.S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION     REGULATORY GUIDE     DIRECTORATE OF REGULATORY STANDARDS     REGULATORY GUIDE 5.32     COMMUNICATION WITH TRANSPORT VEHICLES A. INTRODUCTION     Paragraphs 73.31(b) and 73.33(a) of 10 CFR Part 73, "Physical     Protection of Plants and Materials," require that road or rail vehicles     transporting special nuclear material in quantities identified in     section73.1(b)(2) be equipped with a radiotelephone in order that     communication between the transport vehicle and a responsible licensee     can be maintained. Paragraph 73.70(g) of 10 CFR Part 73 requires that     certain information with regard to the shipment be recorded prior to the     shipment. This includes the name of the carriers, major roads to be     used, verification of communication equipment on board the transfer     vehicle, names of individuals who are to communicate with the transport     vehicle, and other information needed to comply with sections73.30     through 73.36 of 10 CFR Part 73. This guide describes radiotelephone     equipment and systems, and procedures for their use, that are acceptable     to the Regulatory staff for complying with the Commission's regulations     regarding radiotelephone communication in connection with road or rail     shipments of special nuclear material. B. DISCUSSION     AVAILABLE SYSTEMS     There are two radiotelephone systems that have a sufficient number     of transmitter/receiver stations throughout the country to allow the     placement of long distance calls. These are the Bell System Mobile     Telephone system and the Radio Common Carrier system (RCC). The Bell     system uses three different carrier frequencies [(35, 43), (152, 158),     and (454, 459) MHz], and the RCC uses two different carriers [(152, 158)     and (454, 459) MHz]. The vehicle receives long distance calls on the     lower carrier frequency in each group, i.e., 35, 152, and 454 MHz, and     transmits on the higher frequencies, i.e., 43, 158, and 459 MHz. The     available channels, which are individual circuits around a particular     carrier frequency, for each system are shown in Table I.     (Due to database constraints, Tables I and II are not included. Please     contact LIS to obtain a copy.) The (152, 158) MHz carrier is the most popular throughout the     country for both Bell and RCC; the approximate number of cities served     by each carrier is shown in Table II.     METHODS OF OBTAINING SERVICE     There are two ways to obtain radiotelephone service. One is to     rent the mobile equipment from the Bell System or the Radio Common     Carrier (rental will include telephone service and repairs), and the     other is to buy the mobile equipment directly from manufacturers and     then rent telephone service from either of these systems. Application     for equipment rental or telephone service could be made to a local Bell     or RCC system company where a licensee or carrier would have most need     of the service.     If purchased equipment is to be operated on the Bell System, a     license will be required from the Federal Communications Commission     (FCC). Purchased equipment operating on the RCC system may not require     an FCC license. Maintenance of the equipment is provided when it is     leased from the Bell or RCC systems. Purchased equipment must be     serviced by licensed operators, as required by FCC regulation 47 CFR     21.207(e), "Transmitter Measurements".     There are several categories which define the priority for     obtaining service. These are described in FCC regulation 47 CFR 21.512,     "Priorities for service to subscribers."     SYSTEM ASPECTS     There are several types of service and equipment that can be     obtained. The service available is dependent on the area. The     equipment that can be ordered depends on whether local or nationwide     service is desired. In general, the types of service available are: 1. Manual service with access to an operator. 2. Two-way dial with automatic channel selection and access to an     operator (also known as Improved Mobile Telephone Service, IMTS). 3. Two-way dial service with access to an operator. 4. Two-way dial service without access to an operator.     The most inclusive service afforded is that of two-way dial with     automatic channel selection and access to an operator (IMTS). This     service is available on the (152, 158) MHz and (454, 459) MHz carriers     only. There are at least two varieties of radiotelephone equipment that     can be applied to this service. In one type of radiotelephone operating     on the (152, 158) MHz carrier, all eleven channels in the United States     are available through the selection of pushbuttons on the telephone.     Additionally, three other pushbuttons, Home, Roam, and Manual, are     available. When a vehicle is in the Home area the Home pushbutton is     depressed and the Home area channels will be selected automatically.     When a vehicle is outside the Home area the channels for the particular     area must be selected by depressing the channel pushbuttons, as well as     the Roam button. The radiotelephone will now automatically select     available channels in that area. Another type of radiotelephone     operates on the (454, 459) MHz carrier and can automatically select     channels in a local area only; it does not have a feature which permits     selection of other channels, but could operate in another area on an     IMTS mode if the channels were the same as in the Home area.     Other variations in the available equipment are nondialable phones     (used only for manual service) and simplex or duplex operation. Simplex     operation means that the telephone cannot transmit and receive     information simultaneously. That is, while a person talks, he will not     be able to hear a response from the other party. To hear the other     party, he must stop talking and release a button on the telephone.     Duplex operation allows the transmission and receipt of information     simultaneously as in normal telephone service.     PREPLANNING     Radiotelephone call-in times can be preplanned in advance of the     shipment by using a booklet issued by the American Telephone and     Telegraph Co. entitled "National Mobile Telephone Service Area Listing"     or a booklet issued by the Radio Common Carrier entitled "Nationwide     Service Directory" in conjunction with the route maps to be used with     the shipment. The area covered by each base station can be put on the     route maps, and radiotelephone call-in times not to exceed 2 hours     determined. When a radiotelephone call cannot be planned to occur     within a 2-hour period, conventional telephone call-in location and time     should be determined. This can initially be determined by locating     cities, towns, or populated commercial areas along the route. The     conventional call can be preplanned to occur at an approximate time     (planned not to exceed 2 hours) from one of these areas. As experience     is gained with particular routes, conventional telephone calls can be     planned with greater precision. The drivers can note specific     telephones or areas where telephones are available along the route for     future conventional telephone call-in planning.     COMMUNICATION PROCEDURES     A radiotelephone conversation can be overheard by anyone having a     radiotelephone set with the same carrier frequency and channels. It is     therefore necessary to disguise the position of the shipment and the     routes to be taken. One method for accomplishing this is the use of a     transparent nonfoldable grid overlay on a standard road atlas. This     grid can consist of one-half-inch squares with the horizontal axis     labeled with letters and the vertical axis labeled with numbers. A     typical overlay is shown in Figure 1 and is about 10.5 inches by 14     inches in overall dimensions. The road atlas chosen should have a scale     of one inch equals 3 miles or less. The resolution of a one-half-inch     square on the overlay would then be about 1.5 miles.     (Due to database constraints, Figures 1 and 2 are not included. Please     contact LIS to obtain a copy.) With a scale of one inch equals 3 miles, it may be necessary to     use several road maps to cover a shipment. A typical procedure that     could be followed under these conditions is as follows: 1. Each map is assigned a number. 2. In order to position the grid with respect to the map, reference     points are selected on the map. The grid is placed over the map, and     distinct intersections or other identifiable landmarks are selected and     given grid coordinates. These should be placed directly on the map as     shown in Figure 2 with a relatively fine black marker type pen. 3. The driver could use the following procedure to telephone by     position:     a. Select the map which includes his position.     b. Locate his position between two reference points on the map     and place the appropriate coordinates over the reference points.     Telephone the position as map number, reference points, and actual     coordinates. 4. Duplicate sets of maps should be made by the licensee or his agent     prior to the shipment; copies should be given only to the drivers and     escorts (when they are used) and the individuals responsible for     maintaining telephone communication with the shipment.     Another method that can be used to disguise the position of the     shipment is known as the "check point" system. This approach,     applicable to preplanned routes, uses landmarks as check points. The     landmarks are typically all towns, cities, villages, state lines, and     major highway intersections along the preplanned route. The landmarks     are identified by a symbol (number or alphabetical character) on a     single strip map carried along with the shipment. The driver, in     reporting his position, relates only the symbol applicable to his     position, or "x" number of miles from a landmark. Mileages between     landmarks and those locations where commercial telephones are available     on the strip maps may also be included. Personnel controlling the     shipment should have a corresponding strip map and plot the progress and     locations of the shipment.     A third method of disguising the movement of a shipment is through     the use of a telephone voice scrambler. This device, when placed in     front of a telephone, will "scramble" the message over the communication     link and will produce unintelligible sounds at the other end of the     circuit unless a companion device which is matched to the sending device     is also available in front of the telephone at the other end. Telephone     voice scramblers are therefore available in coded pairs and can be made     available in matched sets of more than two units to handle conference     calls or calls from a vehicle to different locations. C. REGULATORY POSITION 1. SYSTEMS ASPECTS     The system that provides the most radiotelephone coverage along     the route of the shipment should be selected. After a system has been     selected (i.e., Bell or RCC) the radiotelephone selected should have all     available channels for the carrier chosen. Further, the telephone shall     be dialable and should provide for duplex operation. 2. PREPLANNING     The licensee should preplan the shipment route if he is going to     make the shipment; otherwise, he should obtain a preplanned route from     the carrier. Routes should be preplanned to use as much radiotelephone     coverage as possible. The requirement that transit times be minimized     (paragraph 73.30(b)) should be observed; however, making radiotelephone     calls is the more desirable feature, and transit times could be somewhat     increased to accommodate good radiotelephone coverage. Since all     radiotelephone stations may not accept calls from a number which is not     in the local directory, calls to each radiotelephone area selected     should be made to assure that the operators will accept outside calls.     Where radiotelephone coverage is not available without extensive     rerouting, conventional telephone calls should be preplanned every two     hours when available along the route.     The licensee(s) or agent(s) responsible for communications liaison     with the shipment should be predesignated before a shipment is made. A     continuously manned telephone with an unlisted number should be provided     at the licensee's or agent's facility. This telephone should not be     used for any other calls while a shipment is in progress.     Appropriate local law enforcement authorities (LLEA) such as the     Head of the State Police, the State Safety Director, or the local State     police barracks, should be contacted in advance of a shipment to assure     that recovery procedures will be followed and that adequate response     forces will be available along the route. Once initial contact has been     made it is not necessary to reestablish contact for subsequent shipments     through the same jurisdiction except that procedures should be     reaffirmed at least annually. The telephone number of the LLEA along     the preplanned route of the shipment who will be called in case of an     emergency or failure of the transport vehicle to call in should be given     to the vehicle crew and the person(s) responsible for maintaining     communications with the vehicle crew. 3. COMMUNICATION PROCEDURES     The check point or voice scrambler is preferred to the grid method     for concealing the position of a vehicle. The grid may offer some     operational problem in a moving vehicle. All three methods, however,     are considered acceptable for concealing the position of a vehicle.     When a scrambler is used, some method of obtaining an accuracy     equivalent to that of the grid or check point system should be     developed. Maps containing the routes to be used as part of the grid or     check point systems should be assembled and distributed to the vehicle     crew and to individuals who will be responsible for maintaining     communication with the shipment.     The vehicle crew should update their position at least every     fifteen minutes so they could communicate their location in case of     emergency. Porcedures for obtaining telephone channels when all are     busy and an emergency exists should be understood and practiced by the     vehicle crew.     In cases where a radiotelephone call has been planned and cannot     be made because of overcrowded channels, atmospheric interference, or     other reason, the vehicle personnel should continue attempts to complete     the radiotelephone call and should also plan to make a conventional     telephone call as soon as possible. The licensee monitoring call-in's     should contact the LLEA where the vehicle last reported, the LLEA where     the vehicle is supposed to be, and all intermediate LLEA's within 30     minutes after the scheduled call-in time if communications with the     vehicle have not been established. The AEC regional office of the     licensee monitoring communications and the AEC regional office for the     region in which the vehicle was last reported should also be notified.     27